Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Benin Art in Museums and Galleries Essay - 1408 Words

The display of Benin art in museum and galleries reflect the attitudes and perceptions of Europeans towards non-western artefacts, especially African. Thus as European attitudes change towards non-western art since the discovery of Benin art in 1897, Benin art has been revaluated and re-categorised. Initially there was a great deal of debate about Benin art and its display, as it did not equate with the perceptions then held about Africa. Until the British conquest of Benin in 1897, little was known about Benin and its culture apart from brief interaction with other Europeans in the sixteenth century. The perception of Africa was of a primitive, savage and uncivilised land, full of ‘abuses and fetishes and idolatries’, (Hodgkin, 1975,†¦show more content†¦This posed a display problem to exhibitors including the British Museum as they tried to fit them into the ethnological museum to explain the emergence of ‘civilisation from prehistory’ (Loftus, 2008). The predominating attitude towards the Benin artwork was that it was the exception and lost treasure from an ancient, African civilisation. This resulted in the display of the Benin bronze plaques in the British Museum as a ‘collective wall decoration, halfway up the main stairs, one more element in the eclectic mosaic of artefacts’ (Wood, 2008, p72). The rest of the display of various antiquities of art and functional items like weapons and transport displayed jumbled together in glass cabinets with little or no detail as to the function or cultural value of the artefacts often misrepresenting ideas about primitive life. The primitive nature of African art attracted many artists looking for new inspiration and expression as urban modernity lost its vitality in the late 1880’s and 90’s (Wood, 2008). In adopting primitive African art as the catalysis for their expression of modernity, avant-garde artists created a more positive perception of the primitive rather than the negative barbaric perception. Wood (2008) quotes the early twentieth century, avant-garde critic Carl Einstein in that the Benin artworks were of no decisive significance. In fact, the western artists reduced their sophisticated beauty of the artwork as seen inShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Benin Bronzes1663 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay deals with the nature of a cross cultural encounter between the Benin people and Portuguese traders in the 15th and 16th centuries, which resulted in the depiction of Portuguese figures in Benin brass plaques. It will propose that this contact between people with different cultures w as on the basis of mutual regard (Woods, K. 2008, p. 16), and although the Portuguese had qualms about idolatry in Benin it will show that assumptions by Europeans up to the 20th century of the primitiveRead MoreEssay on The Art of Benin1045 Words   |  5 PagesWestern attitudes to African people and culture have always affected how their art was appreciated and this has also coloured the response to the art from Benin. Over time concepts of ‘Race’, defined as a distinct group with a common linage, and ‘Primitive’ which pertains to the beginning or origin, , have been inextricably linked with the perception of Africa. The confusion of the two in the minds of people at the end of the 19th centaury, and some of the 20th, caused a sense of superiorityRead MoreRead Carefully the Following Piece of Text. What Does It Tell Us About Cross Cultural Encounters?1128 Words   |  5 Pagesnew vice-consul for the Benin river section Captain Henry Gallwey visited Benin and signed a treaty which made Benin a British protectorate, but as far as the British were concerned the treaty proved disappointing and by 1896 many British traders and officials were calling for military intervention, although the foreign office seemed reluctant to do this. On January 2nd 1897 the acting consul-general of the protectorate James Phillips set off without permission for Benin accompanied by a large armedRead MoreThe Art of Benin Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is the ownership of Benin Art so controversial? The ownership of Benin Art could have been so controversial for a number of reasons. Most notably I would say, is due to the Anthropologists seeing it as a cultural insight into the history of Benin however when people were introduced to start looking at the artefacts from also a more artistic approach, this, for the anthropologists was taking the cultural effect away from it. Some people may have felt hostile to how these artefacts were obtainedRead MoreHow The Ghana Is Influenced By African Art1493 Words   |  6 Pageshow the Benin is able to concept the uncivilised nature of African societies. We will also look at the relationship between the Benin Bronzes, as African art, rather than modern art in the west. We know that the Benin bronzes are known to be of ‘aesthetic’, ‘spiritual’ and ‘sentimental’ value due to its symbolic appraisal of civilisation. They are also one of the most sophisticated pieces of art. When looking into the African heritage, we can note it has a vast impact on the modern art world - artistsRead MoreAnalyzing The African Art Galleries On The Metropolitan Museum Of Art867 Words   |  4 Pages This paper will be describing and analyzing the African Art Galleries in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The galleries that will be critiqued in this paper are 350, 351, and 352. Gallery 350 (Samuel H. and Linda M. Lindenbaum Gallery) is an averaged size rectangular room that spans about the length of a sidewalk. The gallery contains several carved wooden sculptures, primarily located in the center of the gallery that immediately take over upon entering. While most objects are not enclosed in casesRead MoreThe Artifacts Of The Past2785 Words   |  12 PagesBecause the history of art is, for the most part, a history of theft; questions over its ownership are bound to ensue. So, how do we decide who owns art, and subsequently, history? Prevailing postcolonial ideologies, might characterise museums as imperial despoilers in which their possession of artefacts showcase the dispossession of cultural identity from the colonised, robbing the motif behind acquired objects. This works in conjunction with the idea that when an ancient work of art is removed from itsRead MoreThe Marbles : British Museum Loan3096 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"Elgin Marbles: British Museum loan an affront to the Greek people † It was this headline about the British museum decision to loan Greek god Ilissos to Russia that caught my attention. I wondered how a nation like Britain that prided itself on it ethics blatantly refuses to return a historical item that was never theirs. Why would that not be considered stealing? As I delved further into Greece’s demand for repatriation, I began to notice a common theme that ran through most items with contestedRead MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 PagesMuseum Museum, institution dedicated to helping people understand and appreciate the natural world, the history of civilizations, and the record of humanity’s artistic, scientific, and technological achievements. Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic, or historical importance; care for them; and study, interpret, and exhibit them for the purposes of public education and the advancement of knowledge. There are museums in almost every major city in the world and in many smaller communitiesRead MoreHISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA6273 Words   |  26 Pagesteacher. The aims and curriculum of this form of education are pre-planned with a designated teacher to expose students to learning experiences. The agencies through which knowledge is acquired in this form of education include Library, Museum, Zoo, Picture Galleries, Lectures and Symposium etc. The evidence to prove that one has acquired this form of education is usually the issuance and acquisition of certificate. 3. Non-Formal: This is an organized and deliberate means of acquiring knowledge but

Monday, December 16, 2019

Social class is linked to educational achievement Free Essays

string(97) " advantaged households who are able to afford the excess resources such as excursions and books\." It has been suggested that societal category is linked to educational accomplishment. The lower the socio-economic position of a household, so it is said, follows a form of low educational accomplishment. Conversely, kids from so called, center and upper category households in general tend to be higher winners academically than their on the job category equals, and are more likely to go to university. We will write a custom essay sample on Social class is linked to educational achievement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research suggests that kids with parents in extremely paid professions are more likely to obtain higher classs in their GCSEs, take A degrees and so go on onto university than kids with parents in low paid manual employment. Therefore, it could be argued that a kids ability to go socially nomadic remains inactive, as it is likely that they will go on along the way of their parents. ( REFERENCE ) The research undertaken for this undertaking seeks to find if the same applies to maturate pupils either go toing Bath Spa University or maturate alumnuss known to the research workers. The research will try to look into whether or non there is any correlativity between parental societal category and that of the mature pupils and graduates educational accomplishments. The research will besides research the impression of societal mobility and seek to detect if the topics of the survey believe that they have or will, accomplish societal mobility due to their educational accomplishments. The consequences of this survey, if the result is favorable, could perchance assist to promote other mature pupils from lower socio-economic backgrounds into higher instruction. However, if the consequences seem to hold with old research, which argues that lower income households feel that the costs outweigh the benefits of higher instruction, and hence would non see university, so the research may hold an inauspicious affect and merely reenforce the fact that people feel that a university instruction is merely for the wealthy. The consequences of the survey could enable universities to nail jobs mature pupils face, which could enable them to explicate schemes to promote pupils from lower socio-economic backgrounds to use for a topographic point at university. However the consequences could reenforce the generalization or old research which suggests that kids from working category households are less likely to travel to university and hence deter people from even trying to travel through the application procedure. ( mention ) The consequences could besides assist to detect replies to go on the procedure of shuting the spread between societal category and educational accomplishment. However, if the findings suggests the opposite to already published research, eg, if our findings argue that societal category has no bearing on the educational accomplishment of the topics of the survey, so inquiries would necessitate to be asked as to why our survey appears to differ from the norm. ( mention ) Hypothesis. Does societal category affect educational accomplishment? This research will try to set up a nexus between societal category and educational accomplishment. As already stated in the debut, research ( current and historical ) suggests that low socio-economic position constantly leads to low educational accomplishment. The undermentioned research is intended to look into whether this generalized impression is true of the topics who volunteered to be interviewed for this undertaking. The variables to be measured will be that of ; the societal category of the topics parents and the educational accomplishments of the topic. Following on from this the research will besides try to set up whether or non the single topics have, or expect to accomplish, societal mobility due to their educational accomplishments. Literature reappraisal There are many pieces of research which have attempted to reply the inquiry ‘does societal category affect educational accomplishment ‘ . Assorted theories have been introduced as to the grounds why kids from lower societal categories appear to make less good academically than their more advantaged equals and as to why at that place seems to be a big spread in the consumption of university topographic points from people from low socio-economic backgrounds. Connor et Al ( 2001 ) found that there was a continuing and â€Å" long standing form of societal exclusion † of lower category groups in higher instruction. Their research suggests that there are legion factors which lead to the under-representation of the lower categories, including ; household background and support, and fiscal considerations. They besides make the interesting point that over the last 50 old ages statute law has been put in topographic point to guarantee that educational patterned advance is based on ability instead than wealth. However, their research seems to propose that the statute law has non been successful in accomplishing its purposes. Research conducted by Goldthorpe ( 1996 ) agrees with the findings of Connor et Al. goldthorpe provinces that the differences between societal category and educational attainment have changed really small since the beginning of the 1900 ‘s. It is suggested that kids from lower category households have remained more likely to go forth the instruction system once they have finished their compulsory instruction than their more financially advantaged equals. This could be due to the fact that parents with a higher economic position appear in general to put a higher value on instruction than the parents of kids from the lower categories. It has been suggested that the lower categories place more value on vocational and on the occupation developing instead than higher instruction. There has been research such as that by bowles and gintis ( 1976 ) that suggests that instruction is a signifier of ‘cultural reproduction ‘ . They argue that the dominant or higher categories use their power to guarantee ‘social structural reproduction ‘ . Therefore, it is suggested that societal control is maintained by the educational system by working category inequality. In practise schools would non lawfully be allowed to consciously discriminate against kids from lower societal categories. However, there may be unconscious favoritism. For illustration, kids are praised and given inducements such as certifications for stand outing in the schoolroom. Yet the kids more likely to stand out are those from more advantaged households who are able to afford the excess resources such as excursions and books. You read "Social class is linked to educational achievement" in category "Essay examples" Following on from this, Goodwin and le expansive ( 1987 ) suggest that those households in greatest demand are non the mark of educational subsidies. They argue that province support for instruction by and large merely helps the more financially advantaged households maintain their ability to come in higher instruction. However, although it could be argued that statute law, schools and support are all colored towards households of higher socio-economic position, Gambetta ( 1987 ) suggests that a kids ability to come in higher instruction is all due to their parents. Gambetta found that the picks parents made comparative to their kids ability was based on their perceived societal category. Therefore working category households were less ambitious with respects to their kids instruction than those of higher socio-economic position. As the above research suggests that societal category affects educational accomplishment in kids, it so has to be asked ‘does the same apply to adults? ‘ A study on higher instruction and societal category ( Bolton 2010 ) shows historical informations refering how societal category affected university engagement in the early twentieth century. The information shows that the per centum of entrants with male parents who have a manual business, and hence considered working category, were as follows ; 1928-1947 23 % 1955 25 % 1961 25 % As the authorities have introduced statute law to assist shut the spread between societal category and entryway to higher instruction at that place should perchance be additions in these Numberss in more recent times. However, informations from UCAS shows that in 2001 the Numberss were much the same as those shown supra. In 2001 merely 27 % of entrants were from a working category background. However, the study concluded that ; ‘since the mid 2000 ‘s ; immature people from disadvantaged countries are well more likely to come in higher instruction ‘ ( Bolton 2010 ) . However, a research paper entitled ‘ Social Class and Higher Education ‘ ( Connor et al 2001 ) commissioned by the Department for Education and Skills ( DfES ) suggests that there are many factors every bit good as societal category that affect possible pupils determinations to come in into higher instruction. The research workers province that ; â€Å" pupils from lower societal category backgrounds take into history a wider scope of issues than their opposite numbers in higher societal category groups when taking the determination to come in higher instruction † . The countries of concern for those from a working category background included the fiscal facet, nevertheless, they besides raised issues such as experiencing unable to get by with the work load, the application procedure and personal issues such as working during term clip and besides set uping child care. However, the chief issue does look to be that of a fiscal nature. Those from the lower classed either would instead get down paid employment every bit shortly as possible after go forthing mandatory instruction or they feel that the cost of analyzing at university outweighs the benefits. Despite the chief findings of this study being reasonably negative towards higher edication by the lower categories there were some positive facets. The participants of the survey from the lower categories who had decided to come in university did so with the belief that the makings that they would finally derive would intend that their calling preospects and future gaining possible were raised well. The little graduated table research undertaking which follows is slackly based on old research into societal category and higher instruction. If the published research is right so we should happen that societal category does in fact affect educational accomplishments in grownups. If our research corresponds with others, so we should happen that merely about 25 % of our participants who are from working category backgrounds have entered into higher instruction. Methodology. The focal point of this survey was to find whether or non socio-economic position had any impact on educational accomplishment. A series of inquiries were devised to be delivered in either a face to confront interview or by manner of an electronic mail questionnaire, depending on which was more practical, due to distance and clip restraints. Those topics who were asked to answer via electronic mail were asked to react in every bit much item as possible instead than merely yes or no replies. The purpose of the inquiries asked was to find the effects of the topics parents societal category and educational accomplishment on that of their kids. The initial inquiries asked were general inquiries to find the age, sex and location of the interviewee. This was followed by a set of inquiries to set up parental educational accomplishment and societal category. The inquiries besides attempted to set up whether or non their parents attitude towards instruction had any impact on the topics educational picks. The concluding set of inquiries sought to detect the educational accomplishments of the topic and their current or future socio-economic position. aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.of the topics are undergraduates and aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦of the questionnaires were completed by manner of face to confront interviews. Another aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.were conducted via electronic mail questionnaire. The interviews and questionnaires took about 10 proceedingss to finish. All of the persons who were asked to react did so. The determination to utilize interviews and questionnaires was taken because we felt that we could acquire a more unequivocal reply to our hypothesis this manner instead than a simple questionnaire that merely needed yes and no replies. However, there are restrictions when utilizing this method for research. Some of the inquiries which were asked were unfastened to sentiment and besides self-perception. Some of the information was besides 2nd manus as we had asked for information about parents. Once once more, this may non be entirely dependable as the topics were non asked for unequivocal cogent evidence of either their parents, or their ain educational accomplishment or societal position. Therefore, the research is based on the premise that the topics were true in the answering of the inquiries. There are other restrictions. The research was really little graduated table and therefore it could be argued that the sample of topics is non representative of the general population of under alumnuss and alumnuss in the United Kingdom. However, as a usher it could take to similar inquiries being asked on a larger graduated table to enable the theory that societal category does or does non hold an consequence on educational accomplishment, depending on the findings of this research, to be proved or disproved. With respects to the ethical considerations of this research, those who participated were ensured namelessness at all times. No names have been used in the write up of the research and merely the general location and age of the particiants have been documented. All participants were made aware of the grounds for the research and how the information they gave would be used. They were besides informed that a transcript of the finished research undertaking would be made available to them for their blessing, if they so requested, before it would be handed into the university. They were besides made aware that they could retreat their part at any clip before the entry day of the month. Findingss and decision The chief intent of our research undertaking was to find whether or non a on the job category background created a barrier to higher instruction for grownups in the same manner as antecedently mentioned research suggests it has on kids. The research argues that kids of mandatory school age are at a disadvantage educationally if they are from low income households and we wanted to look into as to whether or non this translated into maturity. Our findings seem to propose that low socio economic position does non restrict the opportunities of grownups come ining into higher instruction. Seven out of the 12 subjects interviewed categorised themselves as coming from a working category background and six of them had either gained grades or were analyzing for a grade at the present clip. This translates to about 86 % of people from lower category background come ining into higher instruction, whereas old research has stated that the norm is about 25 % . However the contradiction is likely due to the little graduated table of the undertaking which was undertaken. The other five participants considered themselves to be from a in-between category background and all five had enetered into higher instruction. Therefore, our little graduated table research undertaking seems to propose that there is no disadvantage in a individuals ability to derive makings from university or other higher instruction constitutions based soley on their on the job category background. It could be said that it is an persons ain motive and aspirations, or deficiency of both, that has the most impact on their educational accomplishment, instead than their on the job category background. One of the topics interviewed declared that her parents had ; â€Å" influenced me to travel out and accomplish what I want careless of category, money or background † . Bing at university as a mature pupil I felt that the result of our research would in fact find that category did non find educational accomplishment. However, it is a really little graduated table undertaking and could non be perceived to be dependable informations which reflects the educational accomplishments based on category for the state as a whole. The information could be seen as colored and undependable as eleven out the 12 subjects interviewed had been, or were presently at, university. Those interviewed were besides known to the research workers. If there had been a wholly random sample of topics from a shopping promenade for illustration at that place would hold perchance been a really different result. I feel that to do the research valid and dependable it would necessitate to be done on a much larger graduated table. The topics interviewed should be selected at random throughout the united land to enable a broad assortment of people and therefore a varied choice of repli es, which would perchance in bend produce more valid and dependable informations which would more likely correspond to old research in the same field. How to cite Social class is linked to educational achievement, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Mobile Development Tools and Solutions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Mobile Development Tools and Solutions. Answer: Introduction In an effort to successfully deploy mobile solutions, businesses face a hard time. Mobility presents an extremely multiplex hitch, which requires experience, focus, and competency that most companies, regardless of the outsourcing provider or bench strength, just lack. Further, the adoption of the mobile solutions is a complicated process which affects all the departments of the business. A few months before the deployment of mobile solutions, the organization needs to notify the HR, finance, logistics, sales, and any other key stakeholders about the incoming changes, what applications will or will not be used, candidates for mobilization, and how the onboarding process of the employees will take place (Heitktter, Hanschke, and Majchrzak, 2012, pp. 120). Indeed, smartphones have unlimited capabilities, and consumers tend to spend more time with phones on their hand rather than the pocket. Additionally, the increase in the number and quality of mobile business applications has increas ed the dynamic nature of the smartphones. Having noted this, therefore, it is an oddity that only half of the medium-sized and small businesses have truly and fully begun to deploy the intelligent mobile solutions into their model. Nonetheless, the recent past has seen an upward trend in the number of organizations that are willing to take this crucial step. In the modern world, anyone can pop into meetings through Skype, dial at the comfort of their homes and email important documents such as reports to the desired recipients. Mobile technology is viewed as the game changer. Businesses are striving to ensure that employees complete the allocated tasks effectively and at the given time, using the mobile solutions that fit them. And, there are some technologies that have made this possible. First, mobile solutions have narrowed the gap between the businesses and the customers in a way that was considered impossible just a decade ago. Through direct messaging, tap and pay technologies and so on, companies have been brought closer to their customers. The marketing world, in particular, has been shaken by the new technologies. The Samsungs Gear 360 camera is one of the unique gadgets that enable the businesses to create a memorable and eye-catching 360-degree video for marketing purposes (Osseiran, Braun, Hidekazu, Marsch, Schotten, Tullberg , Uusitalo, and Schellman, 2013, pp. 5). Another special device is the Gear VR virtual reality headset that allows the clients to teleport to other destinations swiftly, just by using a smartphone. A host of metrics has shown that organizations using mobile solutions such as mobile payments and cloud collaboration have hit export and growth milestones faster. The mobile-first solutions and the cloud-based tools have created a cheaper and easier way to start and scale a venture. According to a report by CB Insights, the cost of starting a small business in 2000 was 3.3 million, and by 2011 the figure had reduced to 3200. Other tools such as Google Drive, PayPal, and Slack have cut in half the time taken for businesses to venture into the international market. For businesses founded in 2003-2008, it took 41 months to go global, whereas it took only 22 months for businesses started in 2009 and onwards. Slack is a messaging service that helps to keep the employees in touch with each other. The messaging service connects the workers who are mobile and also offers a valuable method to keep connected with customers and ensure the different segments of the business are linked. The Slack messaging service works across a variety of platforms including desktops, tablets, and so on. The messaging service also offers a single channel where the customers can ask questions regarding various products and services. The onset of mobile technology has revolutionized the way businesses carry out their activities with the customers, employees, business partners. For a business to remain competitive and continuously innovate in the current mobile society, a mobile app development platform is essential. One of the major decision that managers have to make is choosing the best mobile platform that will ensure the implementation process is successful. There are two options to choose from which include a mobile application and a mobile site (Ruffini, Wosinska, Achouche, Chen, Doran, Farjady, Montalvo, Ossieur, O'Sullivan, Parsons, and Pfeiffer, 2014, pp. 32). Mobile sites are found inside the browser of devices that are connected using the internet. The iPhone, for instance, makes use of the Safari browser. One of the benefits of the mobile websites is that almost all of the internet-enabled devices have access to them. Users do not have to download anything, and if a proper setting up is done, the cont ent and format of the platform can be viewed clearly. The adoption and advent of HTML 5 has made mobile Web sites appear more like apps and possess the same capabilities (Xanthopoulos and Xinogalos, 2013, pp. 214). On the other hand, the mobile applications are device-specific and must be downloaded from an identified marketplace, which includes the Android Market or the Apple App Store. Applications have native capabilities which provide improved capabilities such as scanning, offline usage, and GPS-enabled location services. Organizations, therefore, need to choose the best platform that will ensure the smooth implementation of the mobile solution. The modern business world requires the employees to work anywhere, anytime and conveniently. According to HPE Aruba, a wireless firm, 39 percent of employees have identified mobile solutions as the prime reason why they are satisfied with their jobs (Hailu and Rahman, 2012, pp. 88). This section, will, therefore, look at the success factors of mobile solutions in organizations. Open communication with the staff members is the primary success factor for deployment of mobile solutions. The adoption of mobile technologies should flow downhill. The top executives should roll out their devices first and communicate the privacy features and the capabilities before deploying throughout the business (Cuadrado and Dueas, 2012, pp. 162). In this way, the employees will be convinced that the management is committed and willing to implement the mobile solutions and are enlightened about the different functions of the technology before they use it themselves. Before the deployment of mobile technology, due diligence needs to be done. It has been noted that some organizations do not have a tangible reason why they need the technology before the implementation process. Moreover, they fail to consider the implications of a management solution for the business (Verkooij and Spruit, 2013, pp. 33). Therefore, it is important for administrators to do their due diligence before the deployment of these solutions to avoid missteps along the way. They should first confirm that mobile solutions are meeting the needs and not hindering them, and identifying and evaluating the needs of the employees before taking the crucial step. Third, codes and passwords should be enforced on the mobile devices. In the modern business world, organizations use mobile data to house their valued and sensitive corporate data. E-mails, documents and more may be susceptible to being stolen or lost if the key step of enforcing passwords is ignored. Although this looks obvious, many organizations around the world overlook this process which is purposed to ensure that the mobile implementation process is successful (Costa-Prez, Swetina, Guo, Mahindra, and Rangarajan, 2013, pp. 31). Upon enrollment of the devices, therefore, it is important to ensure that the codes and password are enforced with a high complexity level to keep the organizations data away from mischievous eyes. Training and education are also important before the deployment of the mobile solutions. Training and education should come along with communication to ensure that the process of enrolling the technology is successful. The restrictions and capabilities of the mobile devices need to be understood by all the employees (Wang, Murmuria, and Stavrou, 2012, pp. 52). Training will go a long way towards ensuring that the employees get the best out of their devices. Also, the training will enable the administrators to ensure that there are no surprises for IT or employees before making use of the solutions. Management of e-mail profiles is also important an important success factor. There is a possibility that sensitive information or data may be left exposed after an employee leaves the company. Notably, the e-mail profiles are active until the last day of an employee in the work place and this could be disastrous if the necessary actions are not taken. The EMM solution helps the administrators manage and configure profiles (Kumar, Liu, Lu, and Bhargava, 2013, pp. 121). In other words, they can selectively keep information and data on the mobile device and remove the profile from the device. On a side note, administrators should ensure that they provide the employees with easy access to corporate information and apps. By doing so, they will ensure a successful mobile deployment process. Due diligence should not be ignored as it helps to test the functionality of the devices. Enablers for a successful implementation Combined consultation and research from over 20 big multinationals have shown that new mobile solutions, regardless of their origin, convey a distinctive set of challenges to managers. The managers, therefore, need to identify the different enablers that will aid in the successful implementation of the mobile solutions (Huang, Wang, and Niyato, 2012, pp. 1991). Managers who can properly define a need will be in a better position to experience a successful implementation process. At the same time, a closer definition of the needs or problems will ensure the success of an implementation (Smutn, 2012, pp. 653). The managers must identify the people they are going to approach, with which arguments, and when. The top management and the users of the technology have to buy the technology if a successful implementation is to be achieved. However, marketing the ideas to the various groups requires a different set of approaches altogether. One approach that the executive should adopt is to vie w the innovation from each groups perspective and determine the approach to be used for each group. A smooth path of implementation is created by involving the services of a sponsor, a champion, a project manager, and an integrator. A sponsor, usually a high-ranking person helps the technology implementation receive manpower and financial resources and also possesses the necessary wisdom regarding the politics of the business. He/ she ensures that the mobile technology is implemented in the organization at the shortest time possible (Aijaz, Aghvami, and Amani, 2013, pp. 111). A champion possesses the combined skills of a diplomat, a salesperson, and a problem solver. The champion makes sure that all the problems that may arise in the process of implementation are solved. The project managers prime role is to oversee all the details regarding the organization. An integrator uses communication skills to mold the group and manage conflicting priorities. Overlooked issues and mistakes are the main hindrances of the implementation plan. Tacit resistance from the employees grow into sabotage, and the worst mistake a manager can do is to ignore such resistance. In other words, the managers should act as the advocates of change and depict a clear view of the benefits realized by adopting mobile solutions. Therefore, managers should be wise enough to anticipate the opposition. A new mobile technology requires a champion to protect and nurture it, and always act as a strong advocate who will provoke opposition (Osseiran, Boccardi, Braun, Kusume, Marsch, Maternia, Queseth, Schellmann, Schotten, Taoka and Tullberg, 2014, pp. 40). Where there are champions of new technologies, innovation assassins are also present. Moreover, the assassins can bring a mobile technology to its knees just by using a single and well-aimed bullet, but in the face of such resistance, champions need to nurture and marshal forces that are purposed to support the impl ementation of the mobile solutions. Cost factors and key components When conducting a mobile solution, there are various key cost drivers. The major cost drivers include complexity, platforms and devices, design, and testing (Bell and Solutions, 1991, pp. 54). The functionality and key features needed is the key driver to cost. First, there is need to understand the business flow, the importance of the application and how it makes the business prosper. The number of platforms and the devices that you need to develop the software will largely influence the cost incurred. When developing wireframes of each phone may it be smartphones or tablets, a consideration of the complexity of the screens has to be made. Complex screens would take the designer many days to work on a single one. It involves investigating whether the application works as intended (Chen, Matinmikko, Chen, Zhou, and Ahokangas, 2015, pp. 130). The Quality Assurance Specialists and Testers are paid to ensure the smooth running. The key components in mobile solution include wireless data networks, wireless data modems, mobile computers, wireless middleware and wireless-enabled application. Conclusion Mobile solutions have reshaped the way of doing business as evidenced in this report. The business strategies, the employee to employee interactions and relationships between the organization and the customers, have been dramatically influenced by the mobile solutions. Having noted the numerous benefits of the technology, therefore, administrators need to be aware of the technology assassins within the organization. A role of promotion and nurturing of the technology should be taken seriously to enable the successful implementation of the process. Bibliography Aijaz, A., Aghvami, H. and Amani, M., 2013. A survey on mobile data offloading: technical and business perspectives.IEEE Wireless Communications,20(2), pp.104-112. Bell, J. and Solutions, I.N.O.V.X., 1991. PLATFORM. Chen, T., Matinmikko, M., Chen, X., Zhou, X. and Ahokangas, P., 2015. Software defined mobile networks: concept, survey, and research directions.IEEE Communications Magazine,53(11), pp.126-133. Costa-Prez, X., Swetina, J., Guo, T., Mahindra, R. and Rangarajan, S., 2013. Radio access network virtualization for future mobile carrier networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,51(7), pp.27-35. Cuadrado, F. and Dueas, J.C., 2012. Mobile application stores: success factors, existing approaches, and future developments.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(11), pp.160-167. Hailu, A. and Rahman, S., 2012, June. 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